Diabetes is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood.
It affects millions of people worldwide and can lead to serious health complications if left untreated. Recognizing the signs and symptoms of diabetes early is crucial for prompt diagnosis and management.
Common signs of diabetes
Increased thirst and frequent urination: One of the most common signs of diabetes is excessive thirst (polydipsia) and frequent urination (polyuria). High blood sugar levels cause the kidneys to work harder to filter and absorb excess glucose, leading to increased urination.
Unexplained weight loss: Despite eating more than usual, individuals with diabetes may experience unexplained weight loss. This occurs because the body cannot properly utilize glucose for energy, so it begins to break down fat and muscle tissue for fuel.
Extreme hunger: Despite eating regularly, people with diabetes may feel constantly hungry due to the body’s inability to properly regulate glucose levels. This is especially common in type 2 diabetes.
Fatigue: Chronic fatigue is a common symptom of diabetes, as the body’s cells are not receiving enough glucose for energy production. High blood sugar levels can also disrupt sleep patterns, contributing to feelings of tiredness.
Blurry vision: High blood sugar levels can cause changes in the shape of the lens in the eye, leading to blurry vision. If diabetes is left untreated, it can eventually lead to more serious eye problems, including diabetic retinopathy.
Less common signs of diabetes
Slow-healing sores or frequent infections: High blood sugar levels can weaken the immune system, making it harder for the body to fight off infections. Slow-healing sores, frequent infections (such as urinary tract infections or yeast infections), and skin infections are common in people with diabetes.
Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet: Over time, high blood sugar levels can damage the nerves in the body, leading to a condition called diabetic neuropathy. Tingling, numbness, or burning sensations in the hands and feet are common symptoms of this condition.
Recurrent gum disease: Diabetes increases the risk of gum disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) due to high blood sugar levels promoting bacterial growth in the mouth. Recurrent gum disease that doesn’t respond well to treatment may be a sign of undiagnosed diabetes.
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of diabetes early is essential for timely diagnosis and management. If you experience any of the aforementioned symptoms, especially if you have risk factors such as family history or obesity, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation and appropriate testing. Early detection and intervention can help prevent complications and improve overall quality of life for individuals living with diabetes.
