Allergies and colds are both common ailments that can leave you feeling under the weather, but they have different causes and symptoms.
It’s important to be able to distinguish between the two so you can seek the appropriate treatment. In this article, we’ll explore the key differences in symptoms between allergies and colds.
Allergy symptoms
Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to a substance that is usually harmless, such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. Common symptoms of allergies include:
- Sneezing: Allergies often trigger frequent bouts of sneezing.
- Runny or Stuffy Nose: Nasal congestion and a runny nose are common allergy symptoms.
- Itchy Eyes, Nose, or Throat: Allergies can cause itching in the eyes, nose, or throat.
- Watery Eyes: Excess tear production is a common allergy symptom.
- Rashes or Hives: Some people may develop skin rashes or hives as a result of an allergic reaction.
- Wheezing or Difficulty Breathing: In severe cases, allergies can cause wheezing or difficulty breathing, especially in individuals with asthma.
Cold symptoms
Colds are caused by viruses, most commonly rhinoviruses, and they are contagious. Symptoms of a cold may include:
- Coughing: A persistent cough is a common symptom of a cold.
- Sore Throat: Cold viruses can cause throat irritation and discomfort.
- Runny or Stuffy Nose: Similar to allergies, colds can cause nasal congestion and a runny nose.
- Sneezing: While sneezing is more commonly associated with allergies, it can also occur with a cold.
- Fever: A low-grade fever is possible with a cold, especially in children.
- Fatigue: Colds often cause feelings of fatigue and malaise.
Distinguishing between allergies and colds
While some symptoms overlap between allergies and colds, there are a few key differences that can help you distinguish between the two:
- Duration: Colds usually last for about 7-10 days, while allergies can persist for weeks or months, especially if you are exposed to the allergen repeatedly.
- Seasonal Patterns: Allergy symptoms may worsen during certain times of the year when specific allergens are more prevalent, such as pollen in the spring or ragweed in the fall.
- Onset of Symptoms: Cold symptoms typically develop gradually, while allergy symptoms may appear suddenly after exposure to an allergen.
- Associated Symptoms: Allergies are more likely to cause itching of the eyes, nose, or throat, while colds may be accompanied by a fever and body aches.
When to see a doctor
If you’re unsure whether your symptoms are due to allergies or a cold, or if your symptoms are severe or persistent, it’s important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. Your doctor can recommend the appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause of your symptoms.
While allergies and colds share some similar symptoms, they are caused by different underlying factors. Understanding the differences between the two can help you determine the appropriate course of action for relief. If you’re unsure about the cause of your symptoms or if they are severe or persistent, consult with a healthcare professional for guidance.
